The pier-pier cap model of 1/4th scale was analyzed using ANSYS software (version 14.5). Element type SOLID65 was selected to model the concrete. BEAM188 element was chosen to represent the reinforcement. SOLID65 was opted for the three-dimensional modeling of solids and reinforcing bars (rebars). The models of steel reinforcement and pier-pier cap are illustrated in Figures 13 and 14, respectively [23].
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